温州の二つの顔と、未来都市。
今日、温州の街をぶらぶらと歩き始めて、しばらく不思議な感覚に包まれていた。どうやら自分の滞在しているホテルがあるのは、新しく開発された地区らしい。そこは、息をのむほど立派な建物が整然と並び、広々とした道路がどこまでも続き、公園も美しく整備されている。しかし、どうにも人の気配が薄い。まるで世界の終わりに取り残されたかのように、人が極端に少ない。見た目はこんなにも華やかでモダンなのに、「住んでいる人の生活動線」からはどこか遊離していて、美しいゴーストタウンといった寂寥感が漂っている。
なぜ温州はこんなにも「箱物ばかりで人が歩いていない」のか。またコロナか何かの影響で、皆外出を控えているのだろうか。最初は、そうした疑問すら抱き、不思議に思っていた。ただ、街を歩き回るうちに、最初の印象は、ある意味で正しく、ある意味では大きく間違っていたことに、すぐに気づかされた。
ホテルから少し離れたエリアへ続く、一本の道を渡った瞬間、目の前の景色が一変。そこには、それまで見ていた整然とした「新しい街」とは全く異なる、猥雑で、人気のある「もともとの商店が並んでいる地帯」が広がっていた。それはまるで、温州という街自体が「ジキルとハイド」の二つの顔をもっているよう。
新開発地区の人工的な静けさとは対照的に、その道一本隔てた向こう側は、人々の熱気と生活の匂いでむせ返るほど。昔ながらの団地の奥深く、細い路地にひしめくように並ぶ個人商店、路上で真剣な顔つきで麻雀に興じる老人たち、そして地元の人で賑わう中華食堂。公園のベンチでは、穏やかな寝息を立てて昼寝をする人々もいる。しかもこれ、驚くべきことに、それがたった道一本だけ。正直に言えば、自分は断然、こちらのごちゃごちゃしていて、どこか懐かしい「もともとの商店街」のほうが好きだ。
この鮮烈な対比を目の当たりにして、改めて温州という街の歴史を思う。1978年の改革開放後、中央政府からの大きな支援なしに、「ないなら、自分たちで作るしかない」という強烈なハングリー精神でゼロから産業を興したという温州の人々。彼らが苦労して稼いだお金と、世界中に散らばった温州出身の移民たちからの莫大な送金が、2000年を超える歴史を持つこの街を、まるで「歴史の皮を一枚脱ぎ捨てる」かのように、猛スピードで再構築し、「新しい経済ゾーンの創出」した。それは、中国の近代化を民間レベルの力で徹底的にやりきった結果生まれた、歴史は深くとも“それを見せない街”、まさに「超実験都市」。
立派な建物やインフラという「ハードウェア」は、確かに豊かさや利便性をもたらす。ただ、それだけでは、味気ない。そこに住まう人々の心の充足や、コミュニティの温もり、文化の香りといった「ソフトウェア」、つまり「魂」とでも言うべきものは、必須。むしろ、完璧すぎるハードウェアが、有機的で少し混沌としたソフトウェアの息づく余地を、かえって奪ってしまうことだってあるのかもしれない。
温州の、新旧が隣り合わせになった、どこかちぐはぐで、そして強烈なコントラストを放つ街並み。ふと、「旅先では『何があるか』よりも、『何が“ない”と感じたか』、あるいは『何に“違和感を覚えたか”』が強く記憶に残るものだ」という、いつかどこかで聞いた言葉が頭をよぎる。この温州の街が私に投げかけてくるのは、まさに“開発都市が抱えるリアルな二面性”そのもの。そして、そこから立ち現れてくる、『ハードとソフト』の、あるいは『見た目と魂』の、あるべきバランス。
自分自身、いつか人類が火星や月に新たな都市を築く日を夢見ている一人だからか。この温州の「新しい顔」から受けた印象は、遠い未来、彼方の星に生まれるであろう真新しい街もまた、人の温もりや魂のありかを見失った風景を広げてしまうのではないか。そんな、新たな想像が、心に強く浮かんだ。人類がこれから、宇宙に乗り出し、新たな街を作ると、どんな都市ができるのだろう??どこかやっぱり寂しげになってしまうのか。
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Wenzhou’s Two Faces: A City’s Soul and Reflections on Future Worlds
Today, as I began to wander the streets of Wenzhou, I was enveloped in a strange sensation for a while. It seems the hotel I’m staying at is in a newly developed district. Here, breathtakingly impressive buildings stand in neat rows, spacious roads stretch out endlessly, and parks are beautifully maintained. However, there’s scarcely a sign of people. Especially on weekday afternoons or rainy days, it’s as if left behind at the end of the world, people become extremely scarce. Despite its glamorous and modern appearance, it feels disconnected from the “living flow lines of its residents,” and a sense of a beautiful ghost town drifts through the air.
Why is Wenzhou so much “all buildings, with no people walking around”? Is it another COVID lockdown or something? At first, I even had such questions and wondered about the city’s makeup. However, as I walked around the city, I quickly realized that my initial impression was, in one sense, correct, and in another, greatly mistaken.
The moment I crossed a road leading to an area a little away from my hotel, the scene before my eyes completely changed. There, a “zone where original shops are lined up” spread out, completely different from the orderly “new city” I had seen until then—disorderly, yet bustling with people and overflowing with vitality. It was as if the city of Wenzhou itself had two faces, like Jekyll and Hyde.
In stark contrast to the artificial quietness of the newly developed district, the other side, just one road apart, was almost overflowing with the heat of people and the scent of daily life. Deep within old housing complexes, small private shops crowded into narrow alleys, elderly men engrossed in mahjong on the street, and local Chinese eateries bustling with local people. In the parks, some people were napping peacefully on benches. And this, amazingly, was all just one road away. To be honest, I much prefer this jumbled, somewhat nostalgic “original shopping district.”
Witnessing this vivid contrast, I think anew about the history of the city of Wenzhou. The people of Wenzhou, who, after the Reform and Opening-up in 1978 and without significant support from the central government, are said to have built industries from scratch with a strong “if we don’t have it, we have to make it ourselves” spirit. The money they earned through hardship, and the vast remittances from Wenzhou emigrants scattered around the world, rapidly reconstructed this city with over 2,000 years of history, as if “shedding a layer of its historical skin,” and created “new economic zones” as a top priority. It is the visage of an “ultra-experimental city,” born from the result of thoroughly achieving China’s modernization through private-sector power, a “city with deep history that doesn’t show it.”
This image of Wenzhou, covered by its “new city,” made me think deeply again about urban development, and more broadly, about the relationship between “hardware” and “software” in life and society.
Impressive buildings and infrastructure—the “hardware”—certainly bring affluence and convenience. However, that alone is bland. The “software”—what could be called the “soul,” such as the fulfillment of the people who live there, the warmth of community, the fragrance of culture—is essential. Indeed, perhaps overly perfect hardware can even end up stifling the space for organic, somewhat chaotic software to breathe.
Does rich software develop only after the hardware is in place? Or, if there is fulfilling software of people’s thoughts and activities, does hardware naturally follow in a fitting form? Is the reverse—development where soulless hardware takes precedence—bound to create distortion somewhere?
Wenzhou’s cityscape, where new and old are side-by-side, somehow incongruous, and emitting a strong contrast. The unanswerable questions encountered there. Suddenly, a saying I heard somewhere, sometime, comes to mind: “On a journey, what remains stronger in memory is not ‘what is there,’ but ‘what you felt was missing,’ or ‘what felt dissonant.'” What this city of Wenzhou poses to me is precisely the “real duality that developing cities face” itself. And then, the balance that should be of “hardware and software” that emerges from it, or of “appearance and soul”—a fundamental question.
Perhaps it’s because I myself am one of those who dream of the day humanity will build new cities on Mars and the Moon. This image of Wenzhou’s “new face” strongly imprinted new imaginings on my heart: might the brand-new cities born on distant stars in the far future also, if a wrong step is taken, end up spreading landscapes perplexed about where human warmth and soul reside? When humanity ventures into space from now on and creates new cities, what kind of cities will be made? Will they, after all, somehow end up being lonely?
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