知能は少なくとも８つある

2023.5.4

我が家は子供4人。4人いると、お姉ちゃんは2歳でガンガン話していた。3女は絵が上手い。2女は運動神経が良いなど、違いに気づく。

わかりやすい能力に目がいきがちで評価されがちの子供の能力。そんな子供の能力について「ひとつの指標だけで子どもたちを判断するのはよくないのではないか？」と意義を唱えたのが、心理学の世界的権威でハーバード大学教育大学院教授のハワード・ガードナー氏。

ハワード・ガードナー氏の提唱する多重知能理論では、知能は少なくとも８つあるという。

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【言語・語学知能】：話をする、文章を書くなど、言葉を使って表現する能力

【論理・数学的知能】：計算や分析などに必要な論理的思考力

【視覚・空間的知能】：空間のなかで物事をイメージ・認識・表現できる能力

【博物的知能】：自然や環境に関心が高く、観察・発見・分類できる能力、自然と共存する力

【音楽・リズム知能】：音・リズム・メロディなどを認識し表現する能力、感受性

【身体・運動感覚知能】：身体を使った表現力

【対人的知能】：他人の感情や考えを理解できる力、コミュニケーション能力

【内省的知能】：よい面・悪い面も含めて、自分を正確に理解できる力

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学校教育では、【論理・数学的知能】と【言語・語学知能】を伸ばすのが主で、小、中学校だと【対人的知能】があると人間関係そつなくこなせ、【身体・運動感覚知能】が高いものが人気者になる。

【博物的知能】【視覚・空間的知能】【音楽・リズム知能】【内省的知能】このあたりは学校生活ではあってもうまくわからない。

我が子の能力はどこにあるのだろう？

またまた自分の能力はどこにあるのだろう？

ーーーーー

There are at least eight minds.
I have four children in my family, and when I have four, I can’t help but notice differences – big sister was start talking at the age of two, little sister is a good drawer, little sister has good motor skills, and so on.

In the face of these inevitable concerns about children’s abilities, I asked myself, “Isn’t it a bad idea to judge children by just one indicator? Howard Gardner, a world-renowned authority on psychology and professor at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Education, has argued that “it’s not a good idea to judge children by just one indicator”.

According to Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligence, there are at least eight intelligences.

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Language and linguistic intelligence: the ability to use language to express oneself, such as speaking and writing.

Logical and mathematical intelligence: the ability to think logically, which is necessary for calculation and analysis.

Visual and spatial intelligence: the ability to visualise, recognise and express things in space.

Natural history intelligence: The ability to take a keen interest in nature and the environment and to observe, discover, categorise and coexist with nature.

Musical and Rhythmic Intelligence: Ability to recognise and express sounds, rhythms and melodies, sensitivity.

Bodily and Kinaesthetic Intelligence: The ability to express oneself through the body.

Interpersonal intelligence: The ability to understand the feelings and thoughts of others, communication skills.

Introspective intelligence: the ability to understand oneself accurately, including the positive and negative aspects of oneself.

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In school education, the focus is on developing [logical and mathematical intelligence] and [language and linguistic intelligence], while in primary and junior high school, those with [interpersonal intelligence] are able to handle human relationships easily, and those with high [bodily and kinesthetic intelligence] become popular.

Even if a child does not have any obvious characteristics, there must be something there, so where is my child’s ability?　Where is my ability?